Seminar On Biomedical Applications of Nanotechnology

Biomedical Applications of Nanotechnology Seminar Presentation

Private and public research efforts worldwide are developing nanoproducts aimed at improving health care and advancing medical research. Some of these products have entered the marketplace,more are on the verge of doing so, and others remain more a vision that a reality. The potential for these innovations is enormous,but questions remain about their longterm safety and the risk–benefit characteristics of their usage.

Since 2000, when former President Bill Clinton announced the founding of the U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI), governments in Europe, Japan, and other Asian nations have responded with competitive investments in national nanoprograms. The European Commission, a body of the European

Union (EU) that funds about 24% of the publicly financed research in the EU, and the Union’s 15 member nations will spend about $180 million (200 million euros) on nanotechnology in 2002. The NNI budget for fiscal year (FY) 2002 is $604 million, including $40.8 million for the National Institutes of Health (NIH). For

FY 2003, proposed budgets amount to $710.2 million in the United States and between $270 and $315 million in the EU. Definitions of nanotechnology are as diverse as the applications that are available. Rolf Allenspach, who leads research on the physics of nanoscale systems at the IBM Zurich Research Laboratory in Switzerland, defines nanotechnology as “the ability to design and control the structure of an object at all length scales from the atom up to macro scale.” George Robillard, director of the Biological Materials and Devices (BIOMADE) research center at the University of Groningen in The Netherlands, has a more focused definition: “The core of nanotechnologyconsists of systems in the size range of nanometers,” he says. “You could say a drug-delivery system is nanotechnology. We are concerned with the organization of molecules in larger functional complexes,  for example a complex that can deliver protein to a certain site in the body.”

Three applications of nanotechnology are particularly suited to biomedicine: diagnostic

techniques, drugs, and prostheses and implants. Interest is booming in biomedical applications for use outside the body, such as diagnostic sensors and “labon- a-chip” techniques, which are suitable for analyzing blood and other samples, and for inclusion in analytical instruments for R&D on new drugs. For inside the body,

many companies are developing nanotechnology applications for anticancer drugs,implanted insulin pumps, and gene therapy.Other researchers are working on prostheses and implants that include nanostructured materials.

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