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Wednesday, February 06, 2013
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The standard of living in
a society is measured by the amount of energy consumed. In the present scenario
where the conventional fuels are getting depleted at a very fast rate the
current energy reserves are not expected to last for more than 100 years. Improving the harnessing efficiency of
non-conventional energy sources like solar, wind etc. as a substitute for the
conventional sources is under research.
One of the
conventional methods of producing bulk energy is nuclear power. There are two
types of nuclear reactions, namely fission & fusion. They are accompanied
by the generation of enormous quantity of energy. The energy comes from a
minute fraction of the original mass converting according to Einstein’s famous
law: E=mc2, where E represents energy, m is the mass and c is the
speed of light. In fission reaction, certain heavy atoms, such as uranium is
split by neutrons releasing huge amount of energy. It also results in waste
products of radioactive elements that take thousands of years to decay.
The
fusion reactions, in which simple atomic nuclei are fused together to form
complex nuclei, are also referred to as thermonuclear reactions. The more
important of these fusion reactions are those in which hydrogen isotopes fuse
to form helium. The Sun’s energy is ultimately due to gigantic thermonuclear
reaction. The waste products from the fusion plants would be short lived,
decaying to non-dangerous levels in a decade or two. It produces more energy
than fission but the main problem of fusion reaction is to create an atmosphere
of very high temperature and pressure like that in the Sun.
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