FROST FREE HEAT EXCHANGER FOR CRYOGENIC AUTOMOTIVE PROPULSION

A   new  concept   has   emerged  in    the   field  of  zero -  emission vehicles  :   the cryogenic  automobile .  The cryogenic automobile uses  nitrogen , stored in liquid state , as its  working fluid  . The  liquid  nitrogen is  pressurized , then vaporized in an  economizer  through  which the  exhaust from  the  expander runs   in counter  flow . The   resulting  gaseous  nitrogen   is superheated   in  an   ambient  temperature gas  which  is injected  into   a quasi – isothermal expander to produce the system’s motive work. The spent, low  pressure nitrogen isexhausted   back to the atmosphere.

   One   technical  challenge  which  must be  overcome  is  a  heat  exchange  system that  is  structurally robust , works well  under  a variety of operating conditions  and  is  nothampered by  the buildup of frost.The  formation  of frost  on  sub –ambient heat exchangers increases  conductive resistance   to  heat transfer  ,  occludes air –side   flow  passages, and contributes   to   structural  loading .   A   concept  is   described   by which  vaporization  and superheating  of the   nitrogen   is  achieved  in  a frost –free  manner.

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