Seminar On LIGHT EMITTING POLYMERS

WORKING OF LIGHT EMITTING POLYMERS

The birth of the field of electroluminescent polymers is connected with the paper by Friend et al. in

19901 describing an electroluminescent (EL) device based on conjugated poly(p-phenylene vinylene

(PPV), although some polymer electroluminescence devices based on poly(N-vinyl)carbazole (PVK),

doped with luminescent dyes have been reported by Partridge long before.2,3 In the former paper, a

single layer of PPV, placed between ITO and Al electrodes, emitted green-yellow light under applied

DC voltage. The device efficiency and relatively low turn-on voltage gave a promise for a possible

technological progress to a stage of commercial application. It was clear that such progress would

require not only improved device engineering technique, but also sophisticated control of the materials

luminescence efficiency and electron/hole transporting properties, challenging the community of

physical organic and polymer chemists.

From 1990s and till now, LEDs is probably the most important application maintaining the

researchers’ interest towards conjugated (conducting) polymers, although in recent years we witness a

growing interest towards other relevant applications such as sensors and photovoltaics. Hundreds of

academic research groups around the worlds have contributed to the development of electroluminescent

polymers. An even more pronounced research activity is being held in industry. Several newly born

R&D companies such as Cambridge Display Technologies (CDT, spin-off from Cambridge

University), Covion Organic Semiconductors and UNIAX (spin-off from UCSB), are targeted at

development of high efficiency, long life-time EL polymers. A huge commercial potential, connected

with the possibility of solution fabrication of EL devices, and, particularly, flat and/or flexible displays,

attracted in the business such industrial giants as Dow Chemical, DuPont, IBM, Kodak and Philips.4

Light-emitting polymers (LEPs) have been a subject of many review articles, which dealt with

various aspects of the design, the synthesis and the applications of different classes of LEPs (Table 1).

Very insightful reviews of a general character have been presented by Holmes et al. (1998, Table 1),

Friend et al. (1999, Table 1), and Bäuerle et al. (2000, Table 1). Among the recent papers, one of the

most complete accounts was written by Ackelrud (2003, Table 1). However, none of the mentioned

papers is comprehensive in covering different classes of EL polymers, and cannot be taken as a single

source of information on this matter.

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