Seminar On Pulse Detonation Engine - A Next Gen Propulsion

Pulse detonation technology has the potential to revolutionise both in-atmosphere and space flight. Having an engine capable of running efficiently at Mach 5 will not only allow for faster, more efficient intercontinental travel, but will also change the way spacecrafts are launched. The preset paper discuss about the applications of Pulse detonation engines and different possible variants of the engine.

The main differences between the PDE and the conventional internal combustion engine is that in the PDE the combustion chamber is open and no moving parts are used to compress the mixture before ignition and no shaft work is extracted. Instead the compression is an integral part of the detonation, and two of the main advantages of the PDE are the efficiency and simplicity which can be explained by the fact that the combustion occurs in detonative mode. The efficiency of the cycle can be explained by the high level of pre compression due to the strong shock wave in the detonation. Also, the simplicity of the device is a result of the fact that the shock wave responsible for this compression is an integral part of the detonation. PDE is similar to both the pulse-jet and the ram jet engine as no moving part is present in these engines. But in those two cases the mechanism behind the pre-compression is completely different. For the pulse-jet the pre-compression is a result of momentum effects of the gases, and is a part of the resonance effects of the engine. In the ramjet, pre-compression is obtained through the ram effects as the air is decelerated from supersonic to subsonic. The major drawback with this concept is that the engine is ineffective for speeds lower than around M =2. The pulse detonation engine works on Humphrey cycle whereas gas turbines work on Brayton cycle.

Pulse detonation is a propulsion technology that involves detonation of fuel to produce thrust more efficiently than current engine systems. By library research and an interview with Dr. Roger Reed of the Metals and Materials Engineering Department of the University of British Columbia, it is shown that Pulse Detonation Engine (PDE) technology is more efficient than current engine types by virtue of its mechanical simplicity and thermodynamic efficiency. As the PDE produces a higher specific thrust than comparable ramjet engines at speeds of up to approximately Mach 2.3, it is suitable for use as part of a multi-stage propulsion system. The PDE can provide static thrust for a ramjet or scramjet engine, or operate in combination with turbofan systems. As such, it sees potential applications in many sectors of the aerospace, aeronautic, and military
industries. However, there remain engineering challenges that must be overcome before the PDE can see practical use. Current methods for initiating the detonation process need refinement. To this end, both Pratt & Whitney and General Electric have developed different processes to accomplish this. Also, current materials used in jet engines, such as Nickel-based super-alloys, are inadequate to withstand the extreme heat and pressure generated by the detonation cycle. Therefore, new materials must be developed for this
purpose.

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