SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY ITERFACING WITH 8051

7 segment display consists of 7 segments and a dot. Actually each segment and dot are LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes). Each segment including dot are total 8 LEDs.

Light Emitting Diode like an ordinary diode passes current in one direction (forward biased) and block in other (reverse biased) direction. Each LED has 2 pins one for anode and other for cathode. In common anode all anode terminals are connected together to form a common connection and remaining 8 cathodes are provided for negative side supply of individual LED. We connect common wire with positive supply and provide negative supply to appropriate LED segments to switch on and make a specific pattern on the whole display. In common cathode display all pins are opposite to common anode. All cathode terminals are connected to form a common connection and all other 8 pins are anodes.

   The Intel 8051 is an 8-bit microcontroller which means that most available operations are limited to 8 bits. There are 3 basic "sizes" of the 8051: Short, Standard, and Extended. The Short and Standard chips are often available in DIP (dual in-line package) form, but the Extended 8051 models often have a different form factor, and are not "drop-in compatible". All these things are called 8051 because they can all be programmed using 8051 assembly language, and they all share certain features (although the different models all have their own special features).

Some of the features that have made the 8051 popular are:
4 KB on chip program memory.
128 bytes on chip data memory(RAM).
4 reg banks.
128 user defined software flags.
8-bit data bus
16-bit address bus
32 general purpose registers each of 8 bits
16 bit timers (usually 2, but may have more, or less).
3 internal and 2 external interrupts.
Bit as well as byte addressable RAM area of 16 bytes.
Four 8-bit ports, (short models have two 8-bit ports).
16-bit program counter and data pointer.
1 Microsecond instruction cycle with 12 MHz Crystal.

8051 models may also have a number of special, model-specific features, such as UARTs, ADC, OpAmps, etc...

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