FLEXIBLE SOLAR CELLS AND PANELS

The electron, it has been said, is the ultimate currency of modern society. Electricity indeed, being silent, clean, easily transported and converted into work, is the most widely used form of energy. Yet, besides a 16% share from nuclear fission,we mainly produce electricity by burning hydrocarbons and,sadly enough, much cheaper coal. For example, still in 2006 nearly half (49%) of the 4.1 trillion kWh of electricity produced in the US used coal as its energy source.Over the next decade, China alone will need to add some 25GW of new capacity each year to meet demand, equivalent to one large coal power station every week. Unfortunately, coal contains mercury and along with the production of immense amounts of climate-

altering CO2, its combustion is causing pollution of the oceans and of the food chain. To abate emissions and stop climate change, the biggest challenge of our epoch is to get electricity directly from the sun. Concentrated solar power (CSP) has already been identified as the clean technology capable of satisfying the energy demands of our rapidly growing world.[4] Accordingly, investments are finally flowing and the first CSP plants are coming into operation, such as that in the city of Seville which serves 6000 households. Direct conversion of solar radiation into electricity, namely photovoltaics (PVs), is being developed rapidly too: the average price for a PV module, excluding installation and other system costs, has dropped from almost USD100 per watt in 1975 to about USD4 per watt at thse end of 2007.

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